ansible常用模块的介绍与使用
目录
ansible常用模块有：
- ping
- yum
- template
- copy
- user
- group
- service
- raw
- command
- shell
- script
ansible常用模块raw、command、shell的区别：
- shell模块调用的/bin/sh指令执行
- command模块不是调用的shell的指令，所以没有bash的环境变量
- raw很多地方和shell类似，更多的地方建议使用shell和command模块。但是如果是使用老版本python，需要用到raw，又或者是客户端是路由器，因为没有安装python模块，那就需要使用raw模块了
ansible常用模块之ping
ping模块用于检查指定节点机器是否连通，用法很简单，不涉及参数，主机如果在线，则回复pong
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m ping
192.168.118.130 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.118.131 | UNREACHABLE! => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: ssh: connect to host 192.168.118.131 port 22: No route to host",
"unreachable": true
}
#没连通
ansible常用模块之command
command模块用于在远程主机上执行命令，ansible默认就是使用command模块。
command模块有一个缺陷就是不能使用管道符和重定向功能。
//查看受控主机的/tmp目录内容
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.118.130 -a 'ls /tmp'
192.168.118.130 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload_3bvoyhhc
ks-script-889z9ogn
ks-script-9gz23mj9
vmware-root_893-3988097506
vmware-root_922-2722632355
vmware-root_930-2722763397
//在受控主机的/tmp目录下新建一个文件test
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.118.130 -a 'touch /tmp/test'
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running
'touch'. If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn:
false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid
of this message.
192.168.118.130 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.118.130 -a 'ls /tmp'
192.168.118.130 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload_uyqqnupx
ks-script-889z9ogn
ks-script-9gz23mj9
test
vmware-root_893-3988097506
vmware-root_922-2722632355
vmware-root_930-2722763397
//command模块不支持管道符，不支持重定向
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.118.130 -a "echo 'hello world' > /tmp/test"
192.168.118.130 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hello world > /tmp/test
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.118.130 -a 'cat /tmp/test'
192.168.118.130 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.118.130 -a 'ps -ef|grep vsftpd'
192.168.118.130 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
error: unsupported SysV option
Usage:
ps [options]
Try 'ps --help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>'
or 'ps --help <s|l|o|t|m|a>'
for additional help text.
For more details see ps(1).non-zero return code
ansible常用模块之raw
raw模块用于在远程主机上执行命令，其支持管道符与重定向
//支持重定向
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.118.130 -m raw -a "echo 'hello world' > /tmp/test"
192.168.118.130 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Shared connection to 192.168.118.130 closed.
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.118.130 -a 'cat /tmp/test'
192.168.118.130 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hello world
//支持管道符
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.