声明：int getrusage(int who, struct rusage *usage);

getrusage 函数返回当前的资源使用情况。当who 参数为 RUSAGE_SELF 时，返回当前进程的资源使用情况；为 RUSAGE_CHILDREN 时，返回状态为终止或者等待的子进程使用的资源情况。

返回的结果存在结构体 struct rusage 中：

struct rusage {
struct timeva l ru_utime; /* user time used 用户态使用的时间 */
struct timeva l ru_stime; /* system time used 内核态使用的时间 */
long ru_maxrss; /* maximum resident set size */
long ru_ixrss; /* integral shared memory size */
long ru_idrss; /* integral unshared data size */
long ru_isrss; /* integral unshared stack size */
long ru_minflt; /* page reclaims */
long ru_majflt; /* page faults */
long ru_nswap; /* swaps */
long ru_inblock; /* block input operations */
long ru_oublock; /* block output operations */
long ru_msgsnd; /* messages sent */
long ru_msgrcv; /* messages received */
long ru_nsignals; /* signals received */
long ru_nvcsw; /* voluntary context switches */
long ru_nivcsw; /* involuntary context switches */
};