前言: 下篇博客写关于bootstrap...

一、如何在脚本测试django

from django.db import models

class Blog(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    tagline = models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
        return self.name

class Entry(models.Model):
    blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog)
    headline = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    body_text = models.TextField()
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    mod_date = models.DateField()
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
    n_comments = models.IntegerField()
    n_pingbacks = models.IntegerField()
    rating = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
        return self.headline

一般往django添加一条数据库，我们会在cmd 下导入django环境后进行测试。
那如何在.py脚本下运行测试呢？

import os 2 os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "day18.settings") 3 
import django 5 django.setup()   #导入django环境

from blog import models 8 
entry=models.Entry.objects.get(pk=1)
10 print(entry)

输出: 屌炸天。

 

二、处理带外键关联或多对多关联的对象

创建

>>> from blog.models import Blog
>>> b = Blog(name='Beatles Blog', tagline='All the latest Beatles news.')
>>> b.save()

This performs an INSERT SQL statement behind the scenes. Django doesn’t hit the database until you explicitly call save().
The save() method has no return value.

ForeignKey的关联

>>> from blog.models import Entry
>>> entry = Entry.objects.get(pk=1)
>>> cheese_blog = Blog.objects.get(name="Cheddar Talk")
>>> entry.blog = cheese_blog
>>> entry.save()

ManyToManyField关联

>>> from blog.models import Author
>>> joe = Author.objects.create(name="Joe")
>>> entry.authors.add(joe)

添加多个ManyToMany对象

>>> john = Author.objects.create(name="John")
>>> paul = Author.objects.create(name="Paul")
>>> george = Author.objects.create(name="George")
>>> ringo = Author.objects.create(name="Ringo")
>>> entry.authors.add(john, paul, george, ringo)

 

三、查询

all_entries = Entry.objects.all() #查询所有
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2006) #查询所有pub_date为2006年的纪录
Entry.objects.all().filter(pub_date__year=2006) #与上面那句一样
>>> Entry.objects.filter(   #链式查询
...     headline__startswith='What'
... ).exclude(  7 ...     pub_date__gte=datetime.date.today()  8 ... ).filter(  9 ...     pub_date__gte=datetime(2005, 1, 30) 10 ... ) 11 
one_entry = Entry.objects.get(pk=1) #单条查询

Entry.objects.all()[:5] #查询前5条
Entry.objects.all()[5:10] #你猜

Entry.objects.order_by('headline')[0] #按headline排序取第一条

Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__lte='2006-01-01') #相当于sql语句SELECT * FROM blog_entry WHERE pub_date <= '2006-0