Finished backup at 23-AUG-13
（二）备份表空间
和备份数据文件一样，report schema来查看表空间的信息。只有命令上有点区别,如下
RMAN> backup tablespace sun format='/u01/backup/ts_%U';
Starting backup at 23-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/oradata/wilson/sun01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-AUG-13
piece handle=/u01/backup/ts_1ioi1tdv_1_1 tag=TAG20130823T203407 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 23-AUG-13
（三）备份控制文件
1.开启自动备份控制文件
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name WILSON are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/backup/ctl_%F';
。。。。。。
可以看到默认情况下是off的，修改为on，
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
再查看确认一下，
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name WILSON are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/backup/ctl_%F';
对于CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/backup/ctl_%F';命令可以控制文件备份到所需要的地址上。
这个自动备份控制文件，会把spfile也一起备份的。
2.直接备份，但是其不会备份spfile，命令如下，
RMAN> backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 23-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-AUG-13
piece handle=/tmp/back/1joi1unc_1_1 tag=TAG20130823T205612 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished backup at 23-AUG-13
3.可以在备份数据文件或者表空间时来添加备份，但是其不会备份spfile，命令如下
RMAN> backup datafile 4 include current controlfile;
或者
RMAN> backup tablespace sun include current controlfile;
（四）备份spfile
在开启自动备份控制文件时，会自动备份spfile。
也可以用如下命令备份，
RMAN> backup spfile format '/u01/backup/sp_%U';
Starting backup at 23-AUG-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=44 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-AUG-13
piece handle=/u01/backup/sp_1qoi23po_1_1 tag=TAG20130823T222247 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 23-AUG-13
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-AUG-13
piece handle=/u01/backup/ctl_c-3925834152-20130823-0a comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-AUG-13
可以看到虽然命令只是备份spfile，但是控制文件也被备份了。
（五）备份归档日志文件
备份归档日志文件是把全部内容复制下来，命令如下，
RMAN> backup archivelog all format='/u01/backup/ac_%U' delete all input;
delete all input是把原来的归档日志文件删除掉。
在执行这个命令时，会检查归档日志文件是 损坏，如果发现一个地方的归档日志文件损坏，那么自动会去读取另一个地方好的归档日志文件，若都有损坏，就拒绝备份。
为了确保归档日志的一致性，在对归档日志文件做备份时，做了如下的操作，
1.在备份命令开始后，首先是运行alter system archive log current命令，把联机重做日志文件复制到归档日志文件中。
2.对归档日志文件进行备份或