每个程序前面加上 #include “head.h” （文件名字为head.h)就ok了
/* * Our own header, to be included before all standard system headers. */ #ifndef _APUE_H #define _APUE_H #define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L #if defined(SOLARIS) /* Solaris 10 */ #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 #else #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700 #endif #include/* some systems still require this */ #include #include /* for winsize */ #if defined(MACOS) || !defined(TIOCGWINSZ) #include #endif #include /* for convenience */ #include /* for convenience */ #include /* for offsetof */ #include /* for convenience */ #include /* for convenience */ #include /* for SIG_ERR */ #define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */ /* * Default file access permissions for new files. */ #define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) /* * Default permissions for new directories. */ #define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */ #define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) (a) : (b)) #define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) (a) : (b)) /* * Prototypes for our own functions. */ char *path_alloc(size_t *); /* {Prog pathalloc} */ long open_max(void); /* {Prog openmax} */ int set_cloexec(int); /* {Prog setfd} */ void clr_fl(int, int); void set_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */ void pr_exit(int); /* {Prog prexit} */ void pr_mask(const char *); /* {Prog prmask} */ Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* {Prog signal_intr_function} */ void daemonize(const char *); /* {Prog daemoninit} */ void sleep_us(unsigned int); /* {Ex sleepus} */ ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */ ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */ int fd_pipe(int *); /* {Prog sock_fdpipe} */ int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int, const void *, size_t)); /* {Prog recvfd_sockets} */ int send_fd(int, int); /* {Prog sendfd_sockets} */ int send_err(int, int, const char *); /* {Prog senderr} */ int serv_listen(const char *); /* {Prog servlisten_sockets} */ int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* {Prog servaccept_sockets} */ int cli_conn(const char *); /* {Prog cliconn_sockets} */ int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int, char **)); /* {Prog bufargs} */ int tty_cbreak(int); /* {Prog raw} */ int tty_raw(int); /* {Prog raw} */ int tty_reset(int); /* {Prog raw} */ void tty_atexit(void); /* {Prog raw} */ struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* {Prog raw} */ int ptym_open(char *, int); /* {Prog ptyopen} */ int ptys_open(char *); /* {Prog ptyopen} */ #ifdef TIOCGWINSZ pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *, const struct winsize *); /* {Prog ptyfork} */ #endif int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */ #define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {