模板方法模式――Head First Design Patterns

2014-11-24 07:44:41 · 作者: · 浏览: 1

定义:模板方法定义了一个算法的步骤,并且允许子类重载某些步骤。

使用场景:算法的总体步骤基本稳定,但是某些步骤的具体算法经常改变

类图:

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代码样例:

package headfirst.templatemethod.barista;

public abstract class CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
 
	void prepareRecipe() {
		boilWater();
		brew();
		pourInCup();
		if (customerWantsCondiments()) {
			addCondiments();
		}
	}
 
	abstract void brew();
 
	abstract void addCondiments();
 
	void boilWater() {
		System.out.println("Boiling water");
	}
 
	void pourInCup() {
		System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
	}
 
	boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
		return true;
	}
}


package headfirst.templatemethod.barista;

import java.io.*;

public class CoffeeWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
 
	public void brew() {
		System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
	}
 
	public void addCondiments() {
		System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
	}
 
	public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {

		String answer = getUserInput();

		if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}
 
	private String getUserInput() {
		String answer = null;

		System.out.print("Would you like milk and sugar with your coffee (y/n)  ");

		BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		try {
			answer = in.readLine();
		} catch (IOException ioe) {
			System.err.println("IO error trying to read your answer");
		}
		if (answer == null) {
			return "no";
		}
		return answer;
	}
}


优点:1)规范化算法步骤,总体框架趋于稳定,防止代码五花八门,便于大家理解代码;2)抽象出总体步骤,减少开发者思考时间,提升开发效率 3)

缺点:1)模板方法改变,所有的子类都可能会受影响

类似的设计模式:

见工厂方法设计模式

配套的内功心法:1)好莱坞原则:不要找我,我会找你;即让高层次代码决定何时调用低层次代码,而低层次代码实现具体的算法以组成具体系统