HDU 2577 How to Type - c++编程基础

Problem Description Pirates have finished developing the typing software. He called Cathy to test his typing software. She is good at thinking. After testing for several days, she finds that if she types a string by some ways, she will type the key at least. But she has a bad habit that if the caps lock is on, she must turn off it, after she finishes typing. Now she wants to know the smallest times of typing the key to finish typing a string.

Input The first line is an integer t (t<=100), which is the number of test case in the input file. For each test case, there is only one string which consists of lowercase letter and upper case letter. The length of the string is at most 100.

Output For each test case, you must output the smallest times of typing the key to finish typing this string.

Sample Input

3
Pirates
HDUacm
HDUACM

Sample Output

8
8
8

Hint
The string “Pirates”, can type this way, Shift, p, i, r, a, t, e, s, the answer is 8.
The string “HDUacm”, can type this way, Caps lock, h, d, u, Caps lock, a, c, m, the answer is 8
The string "HDUACM", can type this way Caps lock h, d, u, a, c, m, Caps lock, the answer is 8

动态规划题，一上来没找到正确的思路，而且忘记考虑当大写锁定打开时按shift可以打小写字母，搜了题解后发现很巧妙，用两个dp数组分别记录当capslock处于开着的状态时，需要最少的步骤和处于关着的状态时需要最少的步骤。设on[i]记录输入完第i个字符的最小步骤，并且此时大写锁定处于打开状态。off[]类似，处于关闭状态。

当a[i]为小写时： on[i]=Min{ on[i-1]+2(按一次shift，再按一次该字母) , off[i-1]+2(按一次小写，再按锁定) }

off[i]=Min{ on[i-1]+2(按锁定，再按该字母) ， off[i-1]+1(按该字母) }

当a[i]为大写时：on[i]=Min{ on[i-1]+1(按字母) , off[i-1]+2(按字母，再按锁定) }

off[i]=Min{ on[i-1]+2(按字母，再按锁定) ， off[i-1]+2(按shift，再按字母) }

边界：如果a[1]为小写，on[1]=2,off[1]=1; 如果a[1]为大写，on[1]=2,off[1]=3;

最后一步只需求出Min( on[len]+1 , off[len] )。因为要求最后输入完锁定必须关闭。

#include
  
   
#include
   
     #include
    
      int on[105],off[105],T; char a[105]; int Min(int a,int b) { return a