用汇编的眼光看C++(之虚函数) (一)

2014-11-24 12:43:49 · 作者: · 浏览: 0

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虚函数是面向对象设计中的一个重要内容。它的出现使得我们只需要相同的接口函数,并可以得到不同的生成结果。但是有些朋友却知其然,不知其所以然,为什么会出现这样的结果,我们可以用一段代码说明问题。首先,我们先定义两个基本类型,一个是employee,一个是manager,看过前面一片博客的朋友应该都有点印象:

class employee

{

public:

employee() { }

~employee() {}

virtual void print() const { printf("employee!\n");}

};

class manager : public employee

{

public:

manager() {}

~manager() {}

void print() const {printf("manager!\n");}

};

class employee

{

public:

employee() { }

~employee() {}

virtual void print() const { printf("employee!\n");}

};

class manager : public employee

{

public:

manager() {}

~manager() {}

void print() const {printf("manager!\n");}

};

我们看到,和前面出现的成员函数稍微有一些不同,这里的print函数之前出现了virtual。然而正是这个virtual发挥了巨大的作用。可以毫不夸张地说,没有虚函数,基本上就没有设计模式,也就无法体现C++语言在面向对象设计中的巨大优越性。下面我们看看这个virtual是怎样发挥作用的?

76: employee p;

0040128D lea ecx,[ebp-10h]

00401290 call @ILT+45(employee::employee) (00401032)

00401295 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],0

77: manager m;

0040129C lea ecx,[ebp-14h]

0040129F call @ILT+65(manager::manager) (00401046)

004012A4 mov byte ptr [ebp-4],1

78: employee* e = &p;

004012A8 lea eax,[ebp-10h]

004012AB mov dword ptr [ebp-18h],eax

79: e->print();

004012AE mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]

004012B1 mov edx,dword ptr [ecx]

004012B3 mov esi,esp

004012B5 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]

004012B8 call dword ptr [edx]

004012BA cmp esi,esp

004012BC call __chkesp (00408870)

80: e = &m;

004012C1 lea eax,[ebp-14h]

004012C4 mov dword ptr [ebp-18h],eax

81: e->print();

004012C7 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]

004012CA mov edx,dword ptr [ecx]

004012CC mov esi,esp

004012CE mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]

004012D1 call dword ptr [edx]

004012D3 cmp esi,esp

004012D5 call __chkesp (00408870)

82: }

76: employee p;

0040128D lea ecx,[ebp-10h]

00401290 call @ILT+45(employee::employee) (00401032)

00401295 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],0

77: manager m;

0040129C lea ecx,[ebp-14h]

0040129F call @ILT+65(manager::manager) (00401046)

004012A4 mov byte ptr [ebp-4],1

78: employee* e = &p;

004012A8 lea eax,[ebp-10h]

004012AB mov dword ptr [ebp-18h],eax

79: e->print();

004012AE mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]

004012B1 mov edx,dword ptr [ecx]

004012B3 mov esi,esp

004012B5 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]

004012B8 call dword ptr [edx]

004012BA cmp esi,esp

004012BC call __chkesp (00408870)

80: e = &m;

004012C1 lea eax,[ebp-14h]

004012C4 mov dword ptr [ebp-18h],eax

81: e->print();

004012C7 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]

004012CA mov edx,dword ptr [ecx]

004012CC mov esi,esp

004012CE mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]

004012D1 call dword ptr [edx]

004012D3 cmp esi,esp

004012D5 call __chkesp (