[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 06-AUG-2014 19:40:52

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.? All rights reserved.

Starting /opt/oracle/11g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/11g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12555: TNS:permission denied
?TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
? TNS-00525: Insufficient privilege for operation
? Linux Error: 1: Operation not permitted

Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

观察发现，提示没有权限：

查看.oracle文件：

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lrtd /var/tmp/.oracle
drwxrwxrwt. 2 root root 4096 8\u6708? 5 21:48 /var/tmp/.oracle
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lrtd /tmp/.oracle
drwxrwxrwt. 2 root root 4096 8\u6708? 5 20:33 /tmp/.oracle

发现权限虽然是777，但是用户组和所有者不对，改成oracle:dba

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:dba /var/tmp/.oracle
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:dba /tmp/.oracle
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lrtd /tmp/.oracle
drwxrwxrwt. 2 oracle dba 4096 8\u6708? 5 20:33 /tmp/.oracle
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lrtd /var/tmp/.oracle
drwxrwxrwt. 2 oracle dba 4096 8\u6708? 5 21:48 /var/tmp/.oracle

再次启动，成功！