如果经常在表上执行DML操作，会造成数据库块中数据分布稀疏，浪费大量空间。同时也会影响全表扫描的性能，因为全表扫描需要访问更多的数据块。从oracle10g开始，表可以通过shrink来重组数据使数据分布更紧密，同时降低HWM释放空闲数据块。
segment shrink分为两个阶段：
2、HWM调整：第二阶段是调整HWM位置，释放空闲数据块。此过程需要在表上加X锁，会造成表上的所有DML语句阻塞。在业务特别繁忙的系统上可能造成比较大的影响。
shrink space语句两个阶段都执行。
shrink space compact只执行第一个阶段。
如果系统业务比较繁忙，可以先执行shrink space compact重组数据,然后在业务不忙的时候再执行shrink space降低HWM释放空闲数据块。
shrink必须开启行迁移功能。
alter table table_name enable row movement ;
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utlrp.sql and utlprp.sql
The utlrp.sql and utlprp.sql scripts are provided by Oracle to recompile all invalid objects in the database. They are typically run after major database changes such as upgrades or patches. They are located in the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin directory and provide a wrapper on the UTL_RECOMP package. The utlrp.sql script simply calls the utlprp.sql script with a command line parameter of "0". The utlprp.sql accepts a single integer parameter that indicates the level of parallelism as follows:
0 - The level of parallelism is derived based on the CPU_COUNT parameter.
1 - The recompilation is run serially, one object at a time.
N - The recompilation is run in parallel with "N" number of threads.
Both scripts must be run as the SYS user, or another user with SYSDBA, to work correctly.
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