Data Guard 环境：
Primary数据库：
IP地址：10.85.10.1。
数据库SID：orcl
DB_UNIQUE_NAME：orcl_pd
Standby数据库：
IP地址：10.85.10.2
数据库SID：orcl。
DB_UNIQUE_NAME：orcl_st
一． Primary 端的配置
1. 主库设置为force logging 模式
SQL> alter database force logging;
2. 主库设为归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> archive log list;
3. 添加redo log file
添加一个新的Standby Redologs组（注意组号不要与当前存在的Online Redologs组重复），并为该组指定一个成员：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log') size 50M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log') size 50M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log') size 50M;
4. 创建备库的密码文件和控制文件
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/control01.ctl';
-- 说明： 判断一个数据库是Primary还是Standby，就是通过控制文件来判断的。
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl password=admin
如果已经存在，就不用创建了。 缺省情况下，win下口令文件的格式是pwdsid.ora，unix下的格式是orapwSID(大小写敏感）
5. 修改初始化参数文件
SQL> create pfile='/u01/initorcl.ora' from spfile;
在initorcl.ora 添加如下内容：
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='orcl_pd'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl_st'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.standby_archive_dest='/u01/archive'
*.FAL_SERVER='orcl_st'
*.FAL_CLIENT='orcl_pd'
如果主库和备库的数据文件位置不同，还需要加如下2个参数：
*.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'
-- 注意：orcl_st,orcl_pd 是在tnsnames文件中配置的
用'/u01/initorcl.ora' 这个pfile 启动数据库，并生成spfile。
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/initorcl.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218316 bytes
Variable Size 79694068 bytes
Database Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/initorcl.ora';
File created.
6. 修改listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora 文件
Listener.ora 文件：
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
注意：SID_LIST_LISTENER 配置的是静态注册，如果没有该参数，而且Data Guard 启动顺序又不正确，那么在主库可能会报 PING[ARC1]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'orcl_st'. Error is 12514. 错误，导致归档无法完成。
Oracle Listener 动态注册 与 静态注册
Tnsnames.ora 文件
ORCL_ST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.85.10.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)