Oracle SQL之--多表查询基础用法(一)

2014-11-24 18:45:55 · 作者: · 浏览: 0

SQL> select * from emp;


EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20


EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10


14 rows selected.


使用连接可在多个表中查询数据:


基本语句如下:


SELECT table1.column, table2.column from table1, table2 where table1.column1 = table2.column2


连接的类型分成很多种:Equijoins(等值连接) Non-equijoin(非等值连接) Outer-join(外连接) Self-join(自连接) Cross joins(交叉连接) Natural joins(自然连接)


1、Equijoins


Equijoins(等值连接)--利用emp表中的deptno与dept表中的deptno进行等值连接。


SQL> select emp.empno,emp.ename,emp.deptno,dept.deptno,dept.dname from emp,dept where
2 emp.deptno=dept.deptno;


EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO DEPTNO DNAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
7369 SMITH 20 20 RESEARCH
7499 ALLEN 30 30 SALES
7521 WARD 30 30 SALES
7566 JONES 20 20 RESEARCH
7654 MARTIN 30 30 SALES
7698 BLAKE 30 30 SALES
7782 CLARK 10 10 ACCOUNTING
7788 SCOTT 20 20 RESEARCH
7839 KING 10 10 ACCOUNTING
7844 TURNER 30 30 SALES
7876 ADAMS 20 20 RESEARCH


EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO DEPTNO DNAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
7900 JAMES 30 30 SALES
7902 FORD 20 20 RESEARCH
7934 MILLER 10 10 ACCOUNTING


14 rows selected.




2、Non-equijoin


Non-equijoin(非等值连接)--新建一个名为job_grades的表,并往其中添加数据:


SQL> select * from job_grades
2 ;


GRA LOWEST_SAL HIGHEST_SAL
----- ---------- -----------
A 500 1499
B 1500 2499
C 2500 3500



SQL> select emp.ename,emp.sal,job_grades.gra from emp,job_grades where emp.sal between
2 job_grades.lowest_sal and