mysqlhotcopy使用lock tables、flush tables和cp或scp来快速备份数据库.它是备份数据库或单个表最快的途径,完全属于物理备份,但只能用于备份MyISAM存储引擎和运行在数据库目录所在的机器上.与mysqldump备份不同,mysqldump属于逻辑备份,备份时是执行的sql语句.使用mysqlhotcopy命令前需要要安装相应的软件依赖包.
1.安装mysqlhotcopy所依赖的软件包(perl-DBD,DBD-mysql)
[root@tong2 ~]# yum install perl-DBD* -y
[root@tong2 ~]# wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/C/CA/CAPTTOFU/DBD-mysql-4.029.tar.gz
[root@tong2 ~]# tar xvf DBD-mysql-4.029.tar.gz
[root@tong2 ~]# cd DBD-mysql-4.029
[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# make
[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# make install
[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# echo $?
0
[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# cd
[root@tong2 ~]#
?
2.查看mysqlhotcopy的帮助信息
[root@tong2 ~]# vim /usr/my.cnf? ? --在配置文件中添加如下参数
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
host=localhost
user=root
password=system
port=3306
[root@tong2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart? ? ? --重启服务
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy? --help
Warning: /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
/usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy Ver 1.23
Usage: /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy db_name[./table_regex/] [new_db_name | directory]
? -?, --help? ? ? ? ? display this help-screen and exit
? -u, --user=#? ? ? ? user for database login if not current user
? -p, --password=#? ? password to use when connecting to server (if not set
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? in my.cnf, which is recommended)
? -h, --host=#? ? ? ? hostname for local server when connecting over TCP/IP
? -P, --port=#? ? ? ? port to use when connecting to local server with TCP/IP
? -S, --socket=#? ? ? socket to use when connecting to local server
? ? ? --old_server? ? connect to old MySQL-server (before v5.5) which
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? doesn't have FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK fully implemented.
? --allowold? ? ? ? ? don't abort if target dir already exists (rename it _old)? ? --不覆盖以前备份的文件
? --addtodest? ? ? ? ? don't rename target dir if it exists, just add files to it? ? ? --属于增量备份
? --keepold? ? ? ? ? ? don't delete previous (now renamed) target when done
? --noindices? ? ? ? ? don't include full index files in copy? ? ? ? ? --不备份索引文件
? --method=#? ? ? ? ? method for copy (only "cp" currently supported)
? -q, --quiet? ? ? ? ? be silent except for errors
? --debug? ? ? ? ? ? ? enable debug? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? --启用调试输出
? -n, --dryrun? ? ? ? report actions without doing them
? --regexp=#? ? ? ? ? copy all databases with names matching regexp? --使用正规表达式
? --suffix=#? ? ? ? ? suffix for names of copied databases
? --checkpoint=#? ? ? insert checkpoint entry into specified db.table? ? --插入检查点条目
? --flushlog? ? ? ? ? flush logs once all tables are locked? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? --所有表锁定后刷新日志
? --resetmaster? ? ? ? reset the binlog once all tables are locked? ? ? ? --一旦锁表重置binlog文件
? --resetslave? ? ? ? reset the master.info once all tables are locked? --一旦锁表重置master.info文件?
? --tmpdir=#? ? ? ? temporary directory (instead of /tmp)
? --record_log_pos=#? record slave and master status in specified db.table
? --chroot=#? ? ? ? ? base directory of chroot jail in which mysqld operates
? Try 'perldoc /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy' for more complete documentation
[root@tong2 ~]#
?
3.备份一个数据库到一个目录中
[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system tong /opt/
[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/tong/
total 112
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql? ? 15 Jan? 5 14:35 q.isl
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql? 8554 Jan? 4 18:03 t.frm
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jan? 4 18:03 t.ibd
[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/tong
total 112
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql? ? 15 Jan? 5 14:3