我们先引入一个问题：
11gR2中，OCR/VOTEDISK存放在ASM磁盘组，这也就意味着在GI能够启动的前提是能够顺利启动ASM实例并且能够将相应磁盘组MOUNT起来；而ASM的spfile却放在ASM磁盘组里，这也同样意味着要先启动ASM实例并且能读到参数文件。那如何解决这个问题呢？ 11gR2中引入了pgnp profile，用于存放ASM参数文件路径，这允许oracle在ASM实例启动以前读到参数文件。
11gR2的RAC环境中,ASM的参数文件存放于ASM磁盘组里面.ASM实例启动时候,寻找参数文件的顺序如下,直接找到为止:
1. Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile
2. spfile+ASM
3. init+ASM
请注意: 以上红色字体部分!!!
因此,11gR2中可以没有pfile,可以将ASM参数保存在gpnp profile中,在管理上省下了很多工作.
11gR2RAC环境中,ASM的参数文件支持备份(spbackup),拷贝(spcopy),移动(spmove),查询gpnp profile(spget),设置(spset)等操作
特别需要注意一点,ASM的参数文件最好放在ASM磁组里,同时确保每个集群成员的gpnp都为同一个路径
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以简单例子说明，如何将ASM的spfile重新保存至ASM磁盘组
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准备环境
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type? ? ? ? ? ? ? Redund? Striped? Time? ? ? ? ? ? Sys? Name
ASMPARAMETERFILE? UNPROT? COARSE? DEC 14 15:00:00? Y? ? REGISTRY.253.866303695
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? N? ? spfileasm.ora => +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866303695 ----注意这里是链接
ASMCMD> pwd? ?
+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
ASMCMD> spcopy +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866303695 +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/spcopy.ora
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/spcopy.ora
ORA-15268: internal Oracle file +OCR_VOTE.253.1 already exists.
ORA-06512: at line 7 (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
ASMCMD> spget
/home/grid/registry.253.839197161? --当前gpnp profile配置。该spfile是用spcopy命令生成的
ASMCMD> spmove REGISTRY.253.866303695 old_ora.bak? ---删除默认的SPFILE将导致路径缺失
ASMCMD> ls -l
ASMCMD-8002: entry 'ASMPARAMETERFILE' does not exist in directory '+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/'
实例环境就绪，以下是解决办法：
ASMCMD> spget
/home/grid/registry.253.839197161
ASMCMD> spcopy /home/grid/registry.253.839197161 +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/registry.ora? --将本地磁盘上的spfile复制至ASM磁盘
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type? ? ? ? ? ? ? Redund? Striped? Time? ? ? ? ? ? Sys? Name
ASMPARAMETERFILE? UNPROT? COARSE? DEC 14 19:00:00? Y? ? REGISTRY.253.866316081
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? N? ? registry.ora => +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866316081 --注意这里是链接!!!!
ASMCMD> spset +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866316081? --更新gpnp profile至链接
ASMCMD> spget
+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866316081
重启实例生效...
ASMCMD> shutdown --abort
ASM instance shutdown
Connected to an idle instance.
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 1135747072 bytes
Fixed Size? ? ? 2260728 bytes
Variable Size? 1108320520 bytes
ASM Cache? ? 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
ASM diskgroups volume enabled
ASMCMD> lsdg
State? ? Type? ? Rebal? Sector? Block? ? ? AU? Total_MB? Free_MB? Req_mir_free_MB? Usable_file_MB? Offline_disks? Voting_files? Name
MOUNTED? EXTERN? N? ? ? ? 512? 4096? 1048576? ? ? 4094? ? ? 926? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0? ? ? ? ? ? 926? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0? ? ? ? ? ? N? DATA/
MOUNTED? EXTERN? N? ? ? ? 512? 4096? 4194304? ? ? 2032? ? 1592? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0? ? ? ? ? ? 1592? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0? ? ? ? ? ? Y? OCR_VOTE/
ASMCMD> spget
+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866316081
SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME? ? ? ? TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile? ? ? ? string
+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.866316081? --证实是通过gpnp profile里spfile启动实例
同样,其他数据库节点需要spset更新sp