Oracle 11g 数据装载的几种方式(一)

2015-02-02 13:37:29 · 作者: · 浏览: 49

数据的装载:


Oracle 11g的数据装载的几种方式


SQL*LOADER:


运行SQL*LOADER的命令是sqlldr。


Sqlldr的两种使用方式:


1. 只使用一个控制文件,在这个控制文件中包含数据


2. 使用一个控制文件(作为模板) 和一个数据文件


一般采用第二种方式,数据文件可以是 CSV 文件、txt文件或者以其他分割符分隔的。


说明:操作类型 可用以下中的一值:


1) insert? ? --为缺省方式,在数据装载开始时要求表为空


2) append? --在表中追加新记录


3) replace? --删除旧记录(用 delete from table 语句),替换成新装载的记录


4) truncate --删除旧记录(用 truncate table 语句),替换成新装载的记录


通过spool来制作数据文件:--可以查询帮助文档的示例代码


SQL> spool /u01/app/oracle/test_data_loader/student.txt--开启spool导出数据文件
SQL> select id ||',' || name ||',' || age ||',' || inner_date from student;--导出数据


ID||','||NAME||','||AGE||','||INNER_DATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,zhangsan,21,23-JAN-15
2,lisi,22,23-JAN-15
3,wangwu,23,23-JAN-15


SQL> spool off;--关闭
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ cat student.txt--可以查看到导出的数据记录
SQL> select id ||',' || name ||',' || age ||',' || inner_date from student;


ID||','||NAME||','||AGE||','||INNER_DATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,zhangsan,21,23-JAN-15
2,lisi,22,23-JAN-15
3,wangwu,23,23-JAN-15


SQL> spool off;


写配置文件:
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ vi student.ctl
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ cat student.ctl
options(skip=4)--表示前面的四行
load data--导入数据
infile 'student.txt'--通过该文件导入数据
into table student--导入的表
insert--执行的是插入操作
fields terminated by ','--记录中的分割符
(
id char,--注意虽然表中是number类型,但是要写char类型
name char,
age char,
inner_date date nullif (inner_date = "null"))
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$


既然是insert操作所以:
SQL> truncate table student;--清空表,由于执行的是插入操作


Table truncated.


SQL> select * from student;


no rows selected


执行sqlldr操作:
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ sqlldr hr/hr control= student.ctl log = student.log


SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jan 23 23:11:08 2015


Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.? All rights reserved.


Commit point reached - logical record count 4
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ cat student.log


SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jan 23 23:11:08 2015


Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.? All rights reserved.


Control File:? student.ctl
Data File:? ? ? student.txt
? Bad File:? ? student.bad
? Discard File:? none specified


(Allow all discards)


Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 4
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:? ? 64 rows, maximum of 256000 bytes
Continuation:? ? none specified
Path used:? ? ? Conventional


Table STUDENT, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: INSERT


? Column Name? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Position? Len? Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
ID? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? FIRST? ? *? ,? ? ? CHARACTER
NAME? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? NEXT? ? *? ,? ? ? CHARACTER
AGE? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? NEXT? ? *? ,? ? ? CHARACTER
INNER_DATE? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? NEXT? ? *? ,? ? ? DATE DD-MON-RR
? ? NULL if INNER_DATE = 0X6e756c6c(character 'null')


Record 4: Rejected - Error on table STUDENT, column ID.
Column not found before end of logical record (use TRAILING NULLCOLS)


Table STUDENT:
? 3 Rows successfully loaded.
? 1 Row not loaded due to data errors.
? 0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
? 0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.



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