Apache Httpclient基于java BIO实现的,也是基于apache HttpCore项目。他最基本的功能是执行HTTP方法。HttpClient的API的主要入口就是HttpClient接口,看看这个示例:
1. HTTP请求
所有的http请求都由:方法名,请求url,HTTP协议组成。HttpClient支持HTTP/1.1支持的所有方法:GET,HEAD,POST,PUT,DELETE,TRACE和OPTIONS,HttpClient中都有一个特定的类与之对应:HttpGet,HttpHead,HttpPost,HttpPut,HttpDelete,HttpTrace和HttpOptions。
HTTP请求URI包括协议,主机名,可选的端口,资源路径,可选的查询条件等。如下例:
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.google.com/search?hl=en"
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + "&q=httpclient&btnG=Google+Search&aq=f&oq=");
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HttpClient提供了URIBuilder通用类来创建或修改请求URI,如例:
URI uri = new URIBuilder()
? ? .setScheme("http")
? ? .setHost("www.google.com")
? ? .setPath("/search")
? ? .setParameter("q", "httpclient")
? ? .setParameter("btnG", "Google Search")
? ? .setParameter("aq", "f")
? ? .setParameter("oq", "")
? ? .build();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(uri);
System.out.println(httpget.getURI())
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2. HTTP响应
HTTP响应是HTTP请求发送到服务端处理后响应到客户端的消息。响应第一行是协议与协议版本号,接着是数字状态码和一些文本信息,示例演示一下看看执行结果:
package httpclienttest;
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import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpResponse;
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public class T2 {
? ? public static void main(String[] args) {
? ? ? ? HttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? HttpStatus.SC_OK, "OK");
? ? ? ? System.out.println(response.getProtocolVersion());
? ? ? ? System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
? ? ? ? System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());
? ? ? ? System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().toString());
? ? }
}
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输出为:
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HTTP/1.1
200
OK
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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3. HTTP消息头
HTTP消息头(header)包含多个消息描述的信息,例如:内容长度,内容类型等。HttpClient提供的方法有检索,添加,删除和枚举等操作。 示例:
package httpclienttest;
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import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpResponse;
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public class T3 {
? ? public static void main(String[] args) {
? ? ? ? HttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? HttpStatus.SC_OK, "OK");
? ? ? ? response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "c1=a; path=/; domain=localhost");
? ? ? ? response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "c2=b; path=\"/\", c3=c; domain=\"localhost\"");
? ? ? ? Header h1 = response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie");
? ? ? ? System.out.println(h1);
? ? ? ? Header h2 = response.getLastHeader("Set-Cookie");
? ? ? ? System.out.println(h2);
? ? ? ? Header[] hs = response.getHeaders("Set-Cookie");
? ? ? ? System.out.println(hs.length);
? ? }
}
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输出:
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Set-Cookie: c1=a; path=/; domain=localhost
Set-Cookie: c2=b; path="/", c3=c; domain="localhost"
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更有效率的方法是通过HeaderIterator接口获得所有的header信息,示例:
package httpclienttest;
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import org.apache.http.HeaderIterator;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpResponse;
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public class T4 {
? ? public static void main(String[] args) {
? ? ? ? HttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? HttpStatus.SC_OK, "OK");
? ? ? ? response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "c1=a; path=/; domain=localhost");
? ? ? ? response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "c2=b; path=\"/\", c3=c; domain=\"localhost\"");
? ? ? ? HeaderIterator it = response.headerIter